Jumping from one to the next period, the drastic decrease in effective nuclear is the most pronounced effect (in addition to using the next shell), resulting in a larger radius. When oxygen bonds we have found it to either have a formal charge of 0 (2 bonds and 2 lone pairs), +1 (3 bonds and 1 lone pair), and -1 (1 bond and 3 lone pairs). There are a couple other possibilities which you may run into when studying free radical reactions and such. Within a period the increasing effective nuclear charge dominates (making the atoms smaller and smaller). When oxygen bonds we have found it to either have a formal charge of 0 (2 bonds and 2 lone pairs), +1 (3 bonds and 1 lone pair), and -1 (1 bond and 3 lone pairs). Now, with the Juno spacecraft orbiting Jupiter, oxygen and sulfur ions have been measured above the polar caps with energies up to 400 keV per nucleon (keV/u) (Clark, Mauk, Haggerty, et al., 2017 Clark, Mauk, Paranicas, et al., 2017 Haggerty et al., 2017 ). On top of that, the outer electrons are also in the next higher shell in Na (3rd period) compared to F (2nd period).ĭepending on which two species you compare in size, some things change and some things stay the same. So comparing F and Na (or any other group 17 element and the following group 1 element), we go from a high effective nuclear charge (nucleus and inner electrons combined have a +7 charge) to a low effective nuclear charge (nucleus and inner electrons combined have a +1 charge). What needs an explanation is the dip in size going within one period. It makes sense that going down a group, atoms get larger. It makes sense that as you add electrons to a given nucleus, the particle gets larger. chlorine (Cl) gains one electron to become Cl-, whilst oxygen (O) gains two electrons to become O2. This is the typical explanation for the biggest jump in atomic sizes. The number of electrons gained, and so the charge of the ion, is indicated after the chemical symbol, e.g. The size of fluorine atoms is smaller than the size of sodium atoms because the effective nuclear charge is larger in fluorine than in sodium. Loaded 0 Steps of drawing the lewis structure of O 22- There are several steps to draw a lewis structure of a molecule or ion. Usually, we see peroxides as sodium peroxide, potassium peroxide and more. sum of the oxidation states within a compound or ion must equal the overall charge. Therefore, overall charge of O 22- is -2. Element Oxygen (O), Group 16, Atomic Number 8, p-block, Mass 15.999. The size of the anion is larger because, as Poutnik wrote in the comment, the effective nuclear charge is almost the same (if you account for nuclear charge and inner electrons only), and there is more repulsion among the valence electrons. Both oxygen atom has -1 charges and three lone pairs. The size of an anion is greater compared to its parent atom because former's effective nuclear charge is lesser than that of latter.
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